A Mask for all Seasons

Summer/September Surge Continues

The amount of virus in circulation continues to be high, and is leveling off in most of the country, ready for a decline. However, here in New Hampshire, a couple of college towns have had huge peaks, which I attribute to the return of the students.

Graph showing current NH Covid-19 virus rates

A Multitude of Masks

In addition to good fresh air ventilation and selective at-home testing, masks are among the best tools we have available for reducing your risk of getting covid-19, and for reducing the spread of the disease. Here is our annual roundup of masks for many different purposes. It’s mostly a repeat of the Oct. 19, 2023 post with one new addition at the end.

Easy-to-breathe, 100% effective fan/HEPA filter mask. We have been using these since April 2021, the "BROAD AirPro Mask Rechargeable Reusable Air Purifying Respirator with a HEPA Filter”, from Amazon ($46) and other sellers. The HEPA filter is 99.97% effective for virus-sized particles, and the fan slightly pressurizes the mask, giving you a much higher percentage of cool, fresh air compared to regular N95 or N100 masks. Really a breath of fresh air! Replacement HEPA filters, rechargeable batteries, etc. are readily available.

Airpro Mask

Another nice feature about this system is that you can pair the fan/filter mechanism with any N95 mask of your choice. (You can use any mask really, but the N95 works best for us — our current favorite is the Kimberly-Clark PROFESSIONAL N95 Pouch Respirator (53358), NIOSH-Approved, Made in U.S.A., from Amazon or others.)

Kimtech mask

In the blog posts, we have talked about these Airpro masks several times over the years. Our Jan. 4, 2022 blog post includes helpful information with four videos sharing information on the Airpro mask, how to sterilize masks, as well as how to modify an N95 mask to fit the Airpro hose.

Masks with Exhalation Valves. If you are not contagious, you can use this type of mask without endangering those around you. These masks are a simpler version of the Airpro mask in that they give you a higher percentage of cool, fresh air — better quality air to breathe and less of your own exhaled air. They are also your best protection if you have to be out in the smoke-filled air from wildfires or locally-generated dust.

The best models are “N100” masks, tested to be 100% effective. I tried out one of these (3M Personal Protective Equipment Particulate Respirator 8233, Amazon, $10/mask) and found it to be serious, well-made, and readily adjustable for a good fit. Breathing was no more annoying than with N95 masks.

N100 mask

“N95” masks with valves: many models of these are available — it’s best to find one by trial-and-error that fits you well.

Mask with exhalation valve

A good fit around all the edges is essential for any mask. (Not so much for the Airpro, where a little air leaking out is normal.) If you exhale, and feel air leaking out, perhaps blowing toward your eyes, then there also will be unfiltered air leaking in when you breathe in. Try bending the nose area of the mask. If you can’t get a good fit, you may need to select another brand.

Hot air mask sterilization and reuse. There was a study done in August 2020 at the University of Illinois which documented how to sterilize your disposable masks, rather than throwing them away after each use (https://hmntl.illinois.edu/news/17342). We have a video demonstrating this — all it takes is a standard crockpot set on “Low”! See Sterilizing Masks video.

Note that sterilizing the Airpro mask is not so important since the incoming virus is trapped in the HEPA filter, not in the mask. Do not put the fan-filter unit in your crockpot — this would reduce the lifetime of the lithium battery.

Nose mask

An almost-invisible mask. We have tried a few other “nose masks” over the years without success but here is one that appears to actually work, and we have found it is tolerable to wear. Search for "Nose Mask Nose Air Clean” — currently $18 for a package of three, on Amazon. They are rated at 70% effective for PM2.5 particles, which is the size that includes wildfire smoke and the covid-19 virus. This effectiveness is probably better than the real-world effectiveness of regular N95/KN95 masks, which are hard to get to fit perfectly. Get the “general type”, and pick one of several sizes available. After use, you can sterilize it in a crockpot as described above. It's small enough to carry in a keyring pill capsule, so you can always have it with you when the need arises. Replacement filter elements are available. And as you can see from the promotional picture below, using this mask also makes you happy!

Happy person

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The Summer Surge: One Million New Infections Daily

One Million New Infections Daily

Wastewater sampling at several dozen sewer plants across the nation takes samples and counts the amount of covid-19 virus in a given volume of sewage water. This has been going on since 2020, so it gives a great perspective on the current situation relative to past times.

Scientist and infectious disease modeler J. P. Weiland has been taking this information and using it to calculate the number of people who currently have the covid-19 disease. The results are only approximate, as the sampling sites are limited in number, and Weiland depends on some assumptions, including that the average infection lasts ten days.

Here is his latest summary from https://www.threads.net/@jpweilandmodels?hl=en

JPWeiland Summary of Covid-19

and here is the graph going all the way back to 2020:

JPWeiland graph of Estimated Covid Infections/Day US

Here are the four regional breakdowns, and the CDC's label for the national level from https://www.threads.net/@jpweilandmodels?hl=en:

JPWeiland 4 Region breakdowns of Covid prevalence graph

Thriving During the Summer Surge

As the case rates rise, there are more celebrity infections in the news, and you may know of people personally who have come down with covid-19. I have a friend who joined a group of 40 people for a week's vacation in Europe. One person picked up the disease on the airplane trip, and it spread to a fourth of the group. Luckily, no one had to be hospitalized, but they found that it took as long as two weeks to recover completely so that an antigen test returned a negative result. (A negative antigen test means you do not have enough virus to be contagious to others — it's equally effective on the front end, for everyone gathering together, and for the back end, when you know you can stop isolating.)

Nevertheless, we have effective risk reduction measures that can allow:

  • Workplaces to avoid covid transmission,

  • Schools to re-open without having covid outbreaks, and

  • Friends to gather together and leave the virus behind.

Best results depend on testing before you gather. If you test on the first day, and again on the third and fifth days, that will catch almost all infections. Even a single test on the first day will catch a large percentage of the infections, and testing people who get sick can allow safe isolation. Remember that more-or-less half of all infections do not have enough symptoms for the person to notice. [See May 31st, 2024 blog post.]

The second most effective strategy is fresh air ventilation — a popular topic in this blog! [See May 9th, 2024 blog post.] Remember that good fresh air greatly reduces transmission of all airborne diseases — an 80% reduction in one study [see Dec. 16th, 2022 blog post]. Just open the windows or see our August 31st, 2023 blog post for more detailed advice. And note that this is a great time for outside dining!

All the other measures can have an impact, but these are the big two.

Enjoy a healthy remainder of your summer!


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The Virus Is Getting Smarter — Not So Much For The Humans

The Virus

The Covid-19 Virus continues to evolve with new variants that do a better job passing the infection on to other people. The amount of virus in our communities, as measured by the fragments detected in municipal sewage, has put most of the country in the “red zone”.

US map showing Covid-19 wastewater levels

https://www.newsweek.com/covid-19-map-wastewater-levels-1932576 

Levels have been rising steadily since May. Nationally, one in 43 people are currently infected (and infectious). 

Graph showing Covid-19 levels in wastewater

https://www.threads.net/@jpweilandmodels?hl=en

It looks to me like the virus is headed to set a record for a summer peak, and arrive at a level similar to all the past WINTER peaks except Omicron. This outcome is probably the result of two factors that are typical — a new variant more transmissible than the last, and the usual lack of good fresh air ventilation when the A/C is on; and two factors that are new — waning immunity from vaccinations and previous infections, and a new pandemic low point for the number of people who are taking protective measures such as masking, testing, and avoidance of dense crowds.

The significant good news is that while the sewage levels are rising, so far this is not the case with hospital admissions and death rates. 

"Evidence suggests ... that COVID-19 is continuing to lead to less severe illness in the population. COVID-19 can still lead to severe outcomes, however, particularly for individuals in specific risk groups, such as immunocompromised individuals, people age 65 and older, individuals with heart disease, lung disease, or diabetes."

https://vermontbiz.com/news/2024/july/30/vdh-covid-cases-continue-rise-no-deaths 

The Humans

The dominant human approach seems to be trying to get the virus to behave as desired by simply ignoring it, plus watering down any suggested safety measures — the CDC now says people who test positive for Covid don’t need to isolate for five days.

https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/covid-isolation-guidelines-cdc-updated-positive-cases-rcna163292

And, with apologies to Casablanca, we are expressing shock! shock! to find that infections are still happening.

As on cruise ships, with thousands of people aboard, and no pre-boarding testing or covid safety measures in place. "Cruisers have been especially shocked to come down with COVID-19 on their recent trips. Many are sharing stories on social media about entire families getting sick during or right after they left the ship.”

https://www.aol.com/news/cruisers-contracting-covid-19-during-005855433.html

And as at the White House, which in March dropped testing for those meeting with President Biden.

https://www.motherjones.com/coronavirus-updates/2024/07/biden-covid-test-cdc-pandemic-safety/ 

And even after (of course) the president tested positive a few months later, he didn’t always wear a mask when he continued to meet with people (and this was in accordance with CDC guidelines)!

https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/biden-covid-19-wear-mask-cdcs-guidelines-112073485

And as at the Olympics, with zero covid safety measures in place, and covid infections sweeping through several teams. 

https://www.aol.com/course-covid-why-no-official-203600727.html

This is not to say that everyone should be avoiding getting Covid-19. But if you are to fully enjoy your cruise, or exercise your duties as president, or perform your best as an athlete, or simply continue a healthy life as an assisted living resident, you need to avoid Covid-19.

As we said in our blog on August 18, 2022, may we please have an INTELLIGENT New Normal?

Can We Please Have an Intelligent New Normal?


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Mid Summer Safety Reminders

The summer surge is real — here are some reminders as we have fun this summer:

PAST AND PRESENT

Every year except 2020 has had a summer surge. (Even though current news reports are — wow, what a surprise, covid is still here!)

See the graph below. In 2022 (dark green) the covid virus detected in wastewater was high from June on. 2023 (light yellow-green) and 2024 (light blue) were almost identical, with the upswing not starting until August. This year’s tracking (orange) started to rise in July (but is not shown on this graph as Biobot seems to be joining the chorus to make the disease go away by stopping reporting detailed information on the tracking of it).

Biobot Wastewater graph


WILDFIRE SMOKE PROTECTION

Our July 20, 2023 Blog Post shares windy.com as a good site to track smoke. It also references a great mask to keep from inhaling the smoke.

Person wearing a mask

July 6, 2023 Blog Post has more information on protection from the smoke with window filters and the mask for smoke.

AIR CONDITIONING

Our July 6, 2023 Blog Post describes the workings of A/C and how important fresh air is when using it.

SAFE GATHERINGS

See the May 10, 2022 and June 22, 2022 Blog Posts to avoid super spreading and ideas on how to have safe — large and small — gatherings.

FLYING SAFELY

Even flying can be a safe option. See the September 2, 2022 Blog Post with protocol to fly safely.

Airport waiting area


TESTING

May 31, 2024 Blog Post shares the antigen test that we like the best: InBios — 2 tests for $8.50 currently from Amazon.

InBios Covid-19 Antigen Self-Test


MASKING

January 4, 2022 Blog Post has a few videos on different mask options.

Enjoy a wonderful and safe summer!


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For the Next Heat Wave - or Smoke Wave

Our heat wave of three days of 90+ along with high humidity is over. Of course another occurrence is possible this summer. Likewise for wildfire smoke. Here’s a roundup of tips for the summer, including some ideas you won’t find anywhere else.

Photo of thermostat

Power Outages and A/C

With high heat comes high electricity demand for air conditioning, and coupled with thunder and lightning, we have a recipe for possible power outages. If you are running A/C in your house when an outage might be coming, it’s better to run it at a constant temperature all day, even if you’re gone, instead of letting the house overheat and then blasting on the A/C when you get home. This way, your house will already be cool at the start of a power outage, and you won’t be adding to the late afternoon power demand by running the A/C at 100%.

And that constant temperature doesn’t need to be 72F or lower! I have seen it reported online, as if it’s breaking news (and maybe it is), that people can be comfortable at 77F. Shocking but true. We in the building comfort industry have been preaching this for 50 years. I remember presenting a technical paper in 1978 that explained that the new-fangled oil-saving setpoints of 68F for heating and 78F for cooling can actually be comfortable, based on decades of human comfort research. 

There are at least six factors affecting human comfort, and the trick for being flexible in your comfort zone is to modify the factors under your control. For most people to be comfortable at 77 or 78F, you simply need to wear lighter-weight clothing, have a bit of a breeze from your A/C system or a small fan, and not be at a very high level of muscle activity. People also report that they like not having such a huge difference between inside and outside temperatures when going in and out.

And remember—even though you are running the A/C, you STILL need fresh air! See our blog post of July 6th, 2023 for how to make the fresh air be clean air.

Photo of N100 mask

Another Summer of Smoke?

After last summer, there has been quite a bit of research on the health effects of wildfire smoke. The results are not good. The small particles of smoke and toxic chemicals can be inhaled deep into the lungs and cause lasting effects for people, particularly those already vulnerable. See, for example:

https://www.ehn.org/people-should-take-wildfire-smoke-more-seriously

Fortunately, we have many good technologies to avoid breathing the smoke. If you HAVE to be outside, masks refined for covid-19 are very effective. See Oct. 19th, 2023 blog post.

The key trick for the simplest masks is that you do NOT have to be rebreathing your stale and CO2-laden exhaled air, since you are not protecting others from exhaled viruses. So always get a mask with an exhalation valve. This valve opens to let your exhaled air escape easily, and closes to force the incoming air to pass through the filter material. Especially if you breathe a bit deeper and slower, the valve clears out most of your exhaled breath before the next incoming breath.

The weather services are doing more now for giving air quality warnings, and good information is available via the internet, as discussed in our June 8th, 2023 blog post.

If you want your own ability to monitor your local air quality, inexpensive meters are available and reliable. I like the ones that give you a simple green-yellow-red color code (instead of the six confusing colors from the government!). My current favorite meter is: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CLCL9HH4

Photo of Air Quality Monitor meter

Enjoy a wonderful and safe summer in the great outdoors!


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Health in the Workplace

Here is our revised company policy on the support of employee health. It’s been a year and a half since any of us had covid-19, but here in our New England community, this spring we have seen coughs that linger for weeks, a rash of stomach flu, and air quality warnings for ozone (a new thing for us!). We made a few updates to our policy.

In Support of Employee Health

In the workplace:

• fresh air levels above 30 cfm/person (CO2 below 800 ppm)

• HEPA air purifiers above 60 cfm/person

• HEPA air filtration of incoming fresh air when there is hazardous wildfire smoke

• humidification in winter to maintain 40% RH minimum (see Dec. 1st, 2022 post)

• air conditioning, which includes dehumidification, in summer

 • masks always allowed at each person’s discretion

Blueair air purifier

Out of the workplace:

• we all take appropriate precautions depending on our risk criteria, age, vulnerability, and social needs

• we all sometimes check CO2 levels when going into questionable buildings, and want to be “in the green”

• the company provides a variety of masks for employee use to combat infectious diseases, wildfire smoke, pollen, dust, etc.

Small belt CO2 meter

COVID-19 testing:

• The company provides InBios antigen tests for use by employees before coming into the office when (1) local virus levels are above the “low” level, or (2) there has been exposure to someone with covid-19, or (3) we feel we are starting to come down with a communicable disease.

InBios Covid-19 Antigen Self-Test

During an illness:

• we stay home if we feel we might be infectious to others, and work from home if appropriate

• while we are home, we check for a fever, and we take a covid-19 antigen test every other day for the first ten days if our symptoms fit a possible covid-19 infection (for a current symptoms list, see below)

• if it’s covid-19, we encourage reducing the risk of spreading it to other family members by following the advice of this blog (see Feb. 9th, 2023 post)

We return after an illness:

• for most illnesses, after 24 hours of feeling good and with no fever, and

• for norovirus (or any type of stomach flu), 48 hours after symptoms resolve for the employee. (Note that we are treating all stomach flu as norovirus, which the CDC says is responsible for 60% of U.S. cases.) If the employee has not gotten sick, then wait 48 hours after all household members are recovered (since the incubation period is 12-48 hours), and

• if it was covid-19, after two negative antigen tests, 24 hours apart, and

• when we think we are done with transmissible symptoms, which is tricky. Per my nurse friend, and updated for covid-19 variant KP-2 (May 2024): transmissible symptoms for all illnesses include
        * fever or chills,
        * cough,
        * sinus congestion,
        * scratchy or sore throat,
        * runny nose,
        * chest congestion,
        * shortness of breath (difficulty breathing),
        * headache,
        * diarrhea,
        * nausea or vomiting.

Loss of taste/smell, fatigue, brain fog, or loss of appetite do not qualify as transmissible symptoms, nor does a lingering cough after 72 hours. However, if we think a lingering cough might mean we are contagious, we are welcome to be in the office with an N95 or better mask.

A Good Reference for Communicable Diseases

Here is a very handy chart with all the basic information. We had some contact with these folks a few years ago to suggest some covid-19 revisions.

VDH Communicable Disease Reference Chart

Meadow with flowers and sunshine

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